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San Andrés–Providencia creole is a creole language spoken in the San Andrés and Providencia Department of Colombia by the natives (the Raizal ethnic group), very similar to Belize Kriol and Miskito Coastal Creole. Its vocabulary originates in English language, but it has its own phonetics and many expressions from Spanish and African languages, particularly Kwa languages (especially Twi and Ewe), and Igbo languages. The language is also known as "San Andrés Creole", "Bende", and "Islander Creole English". == Characteristics == # It marks the time. The auxiliar ''wen'' (~ben~men) marks a past simple. Future tense is marked with ''wi'' and ''wuda''. Progressive tense is marked by ''de''. # The auxiliars ''beg'' and ''mek'' before the sentence is a polite way to ask permission or asking something. # Other auxiliar words before the verb mark probability like ''maita'', ''mos'', ''mosi'', ''kyan'', and ''kuda''; willingness with ''niid'' and ''waan''; and obligation with ''fi'', ''hafi'' and ''shuda'' # There is no grammar distinction for gender. # Plural is marked with ''dem'' after the noun. The San Andrés–Providencia Creole is an official language in its territory of influence according to the Colombian Constitution of 1991 that guarantees the rights and protections of languages in the country. The population of the Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina uses three languages (Creole, English and Spanish). English was kept in the Baptist churches for liturgy, but the coming of satellite television and growth of foreign tourism has revived the use of the English in the islands, the standard of English taught in schools is British English. The presence of migrants from continental Colombia and the travel of young islanders to cities like Barranquilla, Cartagena de Indias and Bogotá for superior studies, has contributed to the presence of Spanish. However, the interest in preserving the Native Creole has become a very important element for locals and Colombians in general. Island creole is very similar to the English creole spoken in the Mískito coast of Nicaragua, and the Anglophone Caribbean. There has been an effort to offer multilingual education including all three languages.〔Ronald Morren. 2010. Trilingual education: On the Islands of San Andres, Providence, and Santa Catalina. In Bettina Migge, Isabelle Léglise and Angela Bartens (eds.), ''Creoles in Education: An appraisal of current programs and projects'', pp. 297–322. John Benjamins Publishing.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Andrés–Providencia Creole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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